/* seostudios: printed search index; system fonts, no remote dependencies */
:root{--rd-paper:#f7f7f2;--rd-ink:#161616;--rd-red:#c4271d;--rd-muted:#595954;--rd-rule:#b9b9b0;--rd-mono:'Courier New',monospace}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;background:var(--rd-paper);color:var(--rd-ink);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.65}a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:4px}a:hover{color:var(--rd-red)}a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--rd-red);outline-offset:5px}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}p,h1,h2,h3{overflow-wrap:break-word}p{margin:0 0 1.1em}h1,h2,h3{color:var(--rd-ink);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:600}h2{font-size:40px;line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-1.4px;margin:0 0 28px}h3{line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 14px}.rd-skip{position:absolute;left:20px;top:-100px;background:var(--rd-ink);color:white;padding:12px;z-index:100}.rd-skip:focus{top:8px}.rd-header{background:var(--rd-paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-ink);position:relative;z-index:3}.rd-header-inner{max-width:1188px;margin:auto;min-height:86px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px}.rd-brand{font-size:27px;line-height:1;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;letter-spacing:-1.5px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px}.rd-brand span{font-weight:400}.rd-brand i{display:block;width:8px;height:8px;background:var(--rd-red);border-radius:50%;margin:14px 0 0 5px}.rd-desktop-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px}.rd-desktop-nav a,.rd-mobile-menu a{font-size:14px;text-decoration:none;min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center}.rd-mobile-nav{display:none}.rd-home-main{max-width:1188px;margin:auto}.rd-cover{padding-top:27px;padding-bottom:70px}.rd-cover-top{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font:12px/1.5 var(--rd-mono);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em}.rd-cover h1{margin:20px 0 30px}.rd-search{display:block;font-size:clamp(6rem,14.1vw,12rem);font-weight:600;line-height:.85;letter-spacing:-.07em;margin-left:-.045em}.rd-cover-subtitle{display:block;margin:18px 0 0 33%;font-size:26px;line-height:1.2;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.7px}.rd-index{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:26px;margin-top:32px}.rd-index-entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:86px 1fr;gap:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-ink);padding-top:14px;max-width:700px}.rd-index-entry--first{margin-left:8%;max-width:580px}.rd-index-entry--main{margin-left:25%;max-width:740px}.rd-index-entry--last{margin-left:50%;max-width:580px}.rd-index-label,.rd-margin-label,.rd-question-kind{font:12px/1.6 var(--rd-mono);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em;color:var(--rd-red)}.rd-index-entry h2{font-size:26px;letter-spacing:-.6px;line-height:1.18;margin-bottom:9px}.rd-index-entry p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;max-width:560px;margin-bottom:12px}.rd-action{display:inline-flex;gap:36px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:48px;padding:8px 0;border-bottom:2px solid var(--rd-red);font-size:16px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600}.rd-action span{font-size:24px;color:var(--rd-red)}.rd-chapter{padding:64px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-ink)}.rd-essay{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 3fr;gap:32px}.rd-essay-body{max-width:720px}.rd-essay-body h2{font-size:49px;margin-bottom:34px}.rd-essay-body p{font-size:18px;line-height:1.75}.rd-essay-body .rd-lead{font-size:25px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.5px;margin-bottom:30px}.rd-essay-body .rd-pull{font-size:37px;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-1px;color:var(--rd-red);padding:18px 0}.rd-section-title{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 3fr;gap:32px;margin-bottom:26px}.rd-section-title h2{margin:0}.rd-question-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.2fr 1.8fr;gap:32px;padding:35px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-rule)}.rd-question-row h3{font-size:26px;letter-spacing:-.5px}.rd-question-row p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;margin:0}.rd-question-row--content{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.8fr 1.2fr}.rd-question-row--content h3{max-width:330px}.rd-brief{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.6fr;gap:90px}.rd-brief h2{font-size:37px}.rd-brief p{font-size:16px}.rd-brief table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:16px}.rd-brief caption{text-align:left;font:12px var(--rd-mono);padding-bottom:20px;color:var(--rd-muted)}.rd-brief th,.rd-brief td{border-top:1px solid var(--rd-rule);text-align:left;vertical-align:top;padding:18px 12px 18px 0}.rd-brief th{width:27%;font-weight:500}.rd-brief td{padding-left:20px}.rd-endnotes{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.1fr 1.9fr;gap:32px}.rd-endnotes h2{font-size:40px}.rd-endnotes ol{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:note}.rd-endnotes li{counter-increment:note;position:relative;padding:0 0 22px 35px}.rd-endnotes li:before{content:counter(note,decimal-leading-zero);position:absolute;left:0;top:4px;color:var(--rd-red);font:12px var(--rd-mono)}.rd-endnotes a{font-size:19px;font-weight:600}.rd-endnotes li span{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--rd-muted);padding-top:4px}.rd-faq-section{padding-bottom:42px}.rd-faq{border-top:1px solid var(--rd-rule);margin-left:25%}.rd-faq summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;min-height:76px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.35;padding:18px 0}.rd-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.rd-faq-number{font:12px var(--rd-mono);color:var(--rd-red)}.rd-faq-toggle{margin-left:auto;font-size:25px;font-weight:400;color:var(--rd-red)}.rd-faq[open] .rd-faq-toggle{transform:rotate(45deg)}.rd-faq p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.75;margin:0;padding:0 48px 26px 40px;max-width:790px}.rd-next{padding:28px 0 56px;margin-left:25%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px}.rd-next p{font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0}.rd-footer{background:var(--rd-ink);color:var(--rd-paper);padding:54px 0 26px}.rd-footer-inner{max-width:1188px;margin:auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:42px}.rd-footer-brand{font-size:38px;letter-spacing:-1.8px;text-decoration:none}.rd-footer-brand span{color:#ff6255}.rd-footer p{font-size:14px;color:#cecec7;margin:8px 0}.rd-footer nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:8px 24px}.rd-footer nav a,.rd-legal a{min-height:44px;display:flex;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px}.rd-footer a:hover{color:#ff8b81}.rd-legal{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:30px;border-top:1px solid #55554e;padding-top:16px;color:#d8d8d0}.rd-legal span{margin-left:auto;font:12px var(--rd-mono)}
/* Inner templates: main owns gutters; never shrink the article inside Bootstrap columns. */
main.container{width:calc(100% - 44px)!important;max-width:1188px!important;margin:0 auto!important;padding:52px 0!important;float:none;color:var(--rd-ink);background:transparent}main.container .container.rd-reading,.container.rd-reading{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.rd-reading>.row{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,780px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:44px;margin:0!important}.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-8,.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-4{width:auto!important;max-width:none!important;flex:none!important;padding:0!important;min-width:0}.rd-reading .rd-longform{width:100%;min-width:0;background:transparent;color:var(--rd-ink)}.rd-longform h1{font-size:clamp(32px,3.2vw,46px)!important;font-weight:600!important;line-height:1.15!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;color:var(--rd-ink)!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:14px 0 24px!important}.rd-reading .rd-kicker,.rd-journal .rd-kicker{font:12px/1.6 var(--rd-mono);text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--rd-red)!important;letter-spacing:.08em}.rd-reading time,.rd-journal time,.rd-reading .text-muted,.rd-longform header .text-muted{font-size:14px!important;color:var(--rd-muted)!important;opacity:1!important}.rd-longform section.mb-5{font-size:18px!important;line-height:1.75!important;letter-spacing:normal!important}.rd-longform section.mb-5 p,.rd-longform section.mb-5 li{font-size:18px!important;line-height:1.75!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;color:var(--rd-ink)}.rd-longform section.mb-5 h2{font-size:29px!important;line-height:1.25!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;margin:38px 0 17px!important;color:var(--rd-ink)!important}.rd-longform section.mb-5 h3{font-size:23px!important;line-height:1.3!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;color:var(--rd-ink)!important}.rd-longform figure{margin:28px 0}.rd-longform figure img{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:520px;object-fit:contain}.rd-reading :is(.badge,.rd-badge){white-space:normal!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere;max-width:100%;line-height:1.4!important}.rd-reading :is(.comment,.comments,.comment-body,[id*="comment"]){min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere;letter-spacing:normal}.rd-reading :is(.comment,.comments,[id*="comment"]) h2{font-size:21px!important;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:normal!important}.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-4{border-left:1px solid var(--rd-rule);padding-left:25px!important}.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-4 h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:normal}.rd-reading .card,.rd-reading .card-body{background:transparent!important;color:var(--rd-ink)!important;border-color:var(--rd-rule)!important;box-shadow:none!important}.rd-reading .card a{color:var(--rd-ink)!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.rd-reading .card h3,.rd-reading .card h5{font-size:20px!important;line-height:1.35;letter-spacing:normal;color:var(--rd-ink)!important}.rd-reading .card img{max-height:180px;object-fit:cover}.rd-journal-head{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-ink);margin-bottom:30px;padding-bottom:24px}.rd-journal-head h1{font-size:48px!important;line-height:1.15!important;letter-spacing:-1px!important;margin:12px 0!important;color:var(--rd-ink)!important}.rd-journal-order{font:13px var(--rd-mono);color:var(--rd-muted)}.rd-story-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:36px 26px}.rd-story-card{min-width:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-rule);padding-top:18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.rd-story-media{display:block;margin-bottom:20px}.rd-story-media img{display:block;width:100%;height:210px;object-fit:cover}.rd-story-copy{min-width:0}.rd-story-copy h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.3px;margin:12px 0 14px}.rd-story-copy h2 a{text-decoration:none}.rd-story-copy p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.65}.rd-read-story{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-size:14px}.rd-pagination{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:36px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-rule);margin-top:40px}.rd-page-numbers{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.rd-pagination a,.rd-pagination span{min-width:44px;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.rd-page-direction{display:flex;gap:16px}main.container:not(:has(.rd-reading)):not(:has(.rd-journal)):not(.rd-reading){max-width:74ch!important;font-size:18px;line-height:1.75}main.container:not(:has(.rd-reading)):not(:has(.rd-journal)):not(.rd-reading) h1{font-size:42px;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:normal;color:var(--rd-ink)!important}main.container:not(:has(.rd-reading)):not(:has(.rd-journal)):not(.rd-reading) h2{font-size:27px!important;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:normal;color:var(--rd-ink)!important;margin-top:36px}main.container p,main.container li{overflow-wrap:anywhere}
@media(max-width:1250px){.rd-header-inner,.rd-home-main,.rd-footer-inner{margin-left:28px;margin-right:28px}.rd-reading>.row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,760px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px}.rd-cover-subtitle{margin-left:26%}}
@media(max-width:1199px){.rd-reading>.row{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.rd-reading .rd-longform{max-width:800px;margin:auto}.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-4{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rd-rule);padding:28px 0 0!important;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px}.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-4>h2{grid-column:1/-1}.rd-brief{gap:45px}.rd-desktop-nav{gap:18px}.rd-index-entry--last{margin-left:40%}}
@media(max-width:850px){.rd-header-inner{min-height:74px}.rd-desktop-nav{gap:13px}.rd-desktop-nav a{font-size:12px}.rd-cover-top span:last-child{display:none}.rd-cover{padding-bottom:48px}.rd-search{font-size:14.2vw}.rd-cover-subtitle{margin-left:20%;font-size:23px}.rd-index-entry--first{margin-left:0}.rd-index-entry--main{margin-left:16%}.rd-index-entry--last{margin-left:30%}.rd-essay,.rd-section-title{grid-template-columns:1fr 4fr;gap:24px}.rd-essay-body h2{font-size:39px}.rd-question-row,.rd-question-row--content{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.6fr 2.4fr;gap:22px}.rd-question-row h3{font-size:23px}.rd-brief{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.rd-brief>div{max-width:540px}.rd-brief table{max-width:680px;margin-left:auto}.rd-endnotes{grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:20px}.rd-endnotes .rd-margin-label{grid-column:1/-1}.rd-faq{margin-left:20%}.rd-next{margin-left:20%}.rd-story-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.rd-footer-inner{gap:30px}.rd-footer nav{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}
@media(max-width:600px){.rd-header-inner,.rd-home-main,.rd-footer-inner{margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px}.rd-header-inner{min-height:67px}.rd-brand{font-size:25px}.rd-desktop-nav{display:none}.rd-mobile-nav{display:block}.rd-mobile-nav summary{font:13px var(--rd-mono);cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;padding:12px 0 12px 14px}.rd-mobile-menu{position:absolute;top:67px;left:0;right:0;background:var(--rd-paper);padding:16px 20px 24px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--rd-ink);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px 24px}.rd-mobile-menu a{font-size:16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rd-rule);padding:8px 0}.rd-cover{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:42px}.rd-cover-top{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.02em}.rd-cover h1{margin:24px 0 20px}.rd-search{font-size:14.65vw;line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.075em}.rd-cover-subtitle{margin:8px 0 0;font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-.6px}.rd-index{margin-top:25px;gap:22px}.rd-index-entry{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px;padding-left:18px;position:relative;margin-left:0;max-width:none;padding-top:12px}.rd-index-entry:before{content:'';position:absolute;width:5px;height:5px;left:0;top:18px;background:var(--rd-red)}.rd-index-entry--main{order:-1}.rd-index-entry h2{font-size:23px;letter-spacing:-.5px}.rd-index-label{font-size:10px}.rd-index-entry p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5}.rd-action{min-height:48px;font-size:15px}.rd-chapter{padding:37px 0}.rd-essay,.rd-section-title{display:block}.rd-margin-label{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:11px}.rd-essay-body h2{font-size:34px;letter-spacing:-1px;margin-bottom:24px}.rd-essay-body .rd-lead{font-size:23px;line-height:1.4}.rd-essay-body p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.rd-essay-body .rd-pull{font-size:30px;padding:10px 0}.rd-section-title h2{font-size:32px;letter-spacing:-1px;margin-bottom:24px}.rd-question-row,.rd-question-row--content{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding:25px 0}.rd-question-kind{font-size:11px}.rd-question-row h3{font-size:25px;margin:0}.rd-question-row p{font-size:16px}.rd-brief{gap:10px}.rd-brief h2{font-size:31px;letter-spacing:-.8px;margin-bottom:20px}.rd-brief th,.rd-brief td{font-size:15px;padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:16px}.rd-brief th{width:30%}.rd-brief td{padding-left:12px}.rd-endnotes{display:block}.rd-endnotes h2{font-size:32px;margin-bottom:27px}.rd-endnotes li{padding-bottom:22px}.rd-endnotes a{font-size:18px}.rd-faq{margin-left:0}.rd-faq summary{min-height:75px;font-size:18px;gap:12px}.rd-faq-number{font-size:10px}.rd-faq-toggle{font-size:22px}.rd-faq p{padding:0 12px 24px 25px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.75}.rd-next{margin-left:0;padding:0 0 37px;display:block}.rd-next p{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:10px}.rd-footer{padding-top:34px}.rd-footer-inner{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.rd-footer-brand{font-size:32px}.rd-footer nav{gap:5px 24px}.rd-legal{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 20px}.rd-legal span{width:100%;margin:16px 0 0}.rd-legal a{font-size:13px}main.container{width:calc(100% - 40px)!important;padding:34px 0!important}.rd-journal-head h1{font-size:36px!important;letter-spacing:-.5px!important}.rd-story-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.rd-story-copy h2{font-size:26px}.rd-story-media img{height:200px}.rd-longform h1{font-size:33px!important;line-height:1.18!important}.rd-longform section.mb-5,.rd-longform section.mb-5 p,.rd-longform section.mb-5 li{font-size:17px!important;line-height:1.75!important}.rd-longform section.mb-5 h2{font-size:26px!important}.rd-reading>.row>.col-lg-4{grid-template-columns:1fr}.rd-reading .card h3{font-size:21px!important}main.container:not(:has(.rd-reading)):not(:has(.rd-journal)):not(.rd-reading) h1{font-size:34px}main.container:not(:has(.rd-reading)):not(:has(.rd-journal)):not(.rd-reading) h2{font-size:26px!important}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}
/* Keep comments subordinate to article headings even under legacy selectors. */
.rd-reading #comments h2,.rd-reading #comments h3,.rd-reading #comments h4{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-size:20px!important;line-height:1.4!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;color:var(--rd-ink)!important}.rd-reading #comments input,.rd-reading #comments textarea{width:100%;max-width:100%;font:16px/1.6 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid var(--rd-rule);background:#fff;color:var(--rd-ink);padding:12px;border-radius:0}.rd-reading #comments button{font:15px Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;background:var(--rd-ink);color:white;border:0;padding:13px 22px;min-height:44px}.rd-reading #comments :is(p,div){overflow-wrap:anywhere}
